Maximum Spontaneous Magnetization and Nambu-Goldstone Mode

Abstract

We study quantum antiferromagnetic Heisenberg models on a hypercubic lattice. We prove the following three theorems without any assumption: (i) The spontaneous magnetization which is obtained by applying the infinitesimally weak symmetry breaking field is equal to the maximum spontaneous magnetization at zero or non-zero low temperatures. (ii) When the spontaneous magnetization is non-vanishing at zero temperature, there appears a gapless excitation, Nambu-Goldstone mode, above an infinite-volume pure ground state. (iii) When the spontaneous magnetization is non-vanishing at zero or non-zero low temperatures, the transverse correlation in the infinite-volume limit exhibits a Nambu-Goldstone-type slow decay.