A simple proof of the Wirsching-Goodwin representation of integers connected to 1 in the 3x+1 problem

Abstract

This paper gives a simple proof of the Wirsching-Goodwin representation of integers connected to 1 in the 3x+1 problem (see Wirsching and Goodwin). This representation permits to compute all the ascending Collatz sequences (f(i)(n),\: i=1,b-1) with a last value f(b)(n)=1. Other periodic sequences connected to 1 are also identified.

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