Symmetry breaking in planar and maximal outerplanar graphs

Abstract

The distinguishing number (index) $D(G)$ ($D'(G)$) of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has a vertex (edge) labeling with $d$ labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. In this paper we consider the maximal outerplanar graphs (MOP graphs) and show that MOP graphs, except $K_3$, can be distinguished by at most two vertex (edge) labels. We also compute the distinguishing number and the distinguishing index of Halin and Mycielskian graphs.