Embedding graphs in Euclidean space

Abstract

The dimension of a graph $G$ is the smallest $d$ for which its vertices can be embedded in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space in the sense that the distances between endpoints of edges equal $1$ (but there may be other unit distances). Answering a question of Erd\H{o}s and Simonovits [Ars Combin. 9 (1980) 229--246], we show that any graph with less than $\binom{d+2}{2}$ edges has dimension at most $d$. Improving their result, we prove that that the dimension of a graph with maximum degree $d$ is at most $d$. We show the following Ramsey result: if each edge of the complete graph on $2d$ vertices is coloured red or blue, then either the red graph or the blue graph can be embedded in Euclidean $d$-space. We also derive analogous results for embeddings of graphs into the $(d-1)$-dimensional sphere of radius $1/\sqrt{2}$.