Extremal digraphs avoiding an orientation of $C_4$

Abstract

Let $P_{2,2}$ be the orientation of $C_4$ which consists of two 2-paths with the same initial and terminal vertices. In this paper, we determine the maximum size of $P_{2,2}$-free digraphs of order $n$ as well as the extremal digraphs attaining the maximum size when $n\ge 13$.