Dynamic finite-size scaling after a quench at quantum transitions

Abstract

We present a general dynamic finite-size scaling theory for the quantum dynamics after an abrupt quench, at both continuous and first-order quantum transitions. For continuous transitions, the scaling laws are naturally ruled by the critical exponents and the renormalization-group dimension of the perturbation at the transition. In the case of first-order transitions, it is possible to recover a universal scaling behavior, which is controlled by the size behavior of the energy gap between the lowest energy levels. We discuss these findings in the framework of the paradigmatic quantum Ising ring, and support the dynamic scaling laws by numerical evidence.