Rigid isotopy classification of generic rational quintics in $\mathbb{R}\mathbb{P}^{2}$

Abstract

In this article we obtain the rigid isotopy classification of generic rational curves of degre $5$ in $\mathbb{R}\mathbb{P}^{2}$. In order to study the rigid isotopy classes of nodal rational curves of degree $5$ in $\mathbb{R}\mathbb{P}^{2}$, we associate to every real rational nodal quintic curve with a marked real nodal point a nodal trigonal curve in the Hirzebruch surface $\Sigma_3$ and the corresponding nodal real dessin on $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{1}/(z\mapsto\bar{z})$. The dessins are real versions, proposed by S. Orevkov, of Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants. The dessins are graphs embedded in a topological surface and endowed with a certain additional structure. We study the combinatorial properties and decompositions of dessins corresponding to real nodal trigonal curves $C\subset \Sigma_n$ in real Hirzebruch surfaces $\Sigma_n$. Nodal dessins in the disk can be decomposed in blocks corresponding to cubic dessins in the disk $\mathbf{D}^2$, which produces a classification of these dessins. The classification of dessins under consideration leads to a rigid isotopy classification of real rational quintics in $\mathbb{R}\mathbb{P}^{2}$.