Ideal wet two-dimensional foams and emulsions with finite contact angle

Abstract

We present simulations that show that an ideal two-dimensional foam with a finite contact angle develops an inhomogeneity for high liquid fraction $\phi$. In liquid-liquid emulsions this inhomogeneity is known as flocculation. In the case of an ordered foam this requires a perturbation, but in a disordered foam inhomogeneity grows steadily and spontaneously with $\phi$, as demonstrated in our simulations performed with the Surface Evolver.