Fractional networks, the new structure

Abstract

Real world networks have, for a long time, been modelled by scale-free networks, which have many sparsely connected nodes and a few highly connected ones (the hubs). However, both in society and in biology, a new structure must be acknowledged, the fractional networks. These networks are characterized by the existence of very many long-range connections, display superdiffusion, L\'{e}vy flights and robustness properties different from the scale-free networks.