Benford or not Benford: new results on digits beyond the first

Abstract

In this paper, we will see that the proportion of d as p th digit, where p > 1 and d $\in$ 0, 9, in data (obtained thanks to the hereunder developed model) is more likely to follow a law whose probability distribution is determined by a specific upper bound, rather than the generalization of Benford's Law to digits beyond the first one. These probability distributions fluctuate around theoretical values determined by Hill in 1995. Knowing beforehand the value of the upper bound can be a way to find a better adjusted law than Hill's one.