On the congruences of Eisenstein series with polynomial indexes

Abstract

In this paper, based on Serre's $p$-adic family of Eisenstein series, we prove a general family of congruences for Eisenstein series $G_k$ in the form $$ \sum_{i=1}^n g_i(p)G_{f_i(p)}\equiv g_0(p)\mod p^N, $$ where $f_1(t),\ldots,f_n(t)\in\mathbb{Z}[t]$ are non-constant integer polynomials with positive leading coefficients and $g_0(t),\ldots,g_n(t)\in\mathbb{Q}(t)$ are rational functions. This generalizes the classical von Staudt-Clausen's and Kummer's congruences of Eisenstein series, and also yields some new congruences.