Dual-axis pi-pulse spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer

Abstract

We present a new spin-exchange relaxation-free vector magnetometer with suppressed 1/f probe noise, achieved by applying a small DC bias field and a comb of magnetic DC $\pi$ pulses along the pump direction. This results in a synchronous orthogonal AC response for each of its two sensitive axes. The new magnetometer is particularly well-suited to applications such as biomagnetism in which the signal to be measured carries a dominant component of its power at low frequencies. The magnetometer reaches a technical noise floor of 8.4 fT/sqrt(Hz) (x) and 11 fT/sqrt(Hz) (y) at 0.01 Hz. A single-axis DC SERF sharing the same experimental apparatus attains 61 fT/sqrt(Hz) at the same frequency. A noise minimum of 1.1 fT/sqrt(Hz) (x) and 2.0 fT/sqrt(Hz) (y) is reached by the new magnetometer at 10 Hz, compared to 0.7 fT/sqrt(Hz) at 25 Hz for a DC SERF.