The cosmological nature of the dark Universe

Abstract

This paper deals with the cancellation mechanism, which identifies the energy density of space-time expansion in an empty universe with the zero-point energy density and avoids the scale discrepancy with the observed energy density (cosmological constant problem). Using an intrinsic degree of freedom which describes the coupling of a variable cosmological term $\Lambda$ with non-relativistic matter and radiation, the following consequences are demonstrated by coupling only a small contribution of $\Lambda$ with non-relativistic matter. First, the standard model of cosmology with a positive cosmological constant can be generalised such that the missing mass problem of dark matter is solved by an overall negative variable cosmological term. Second, the model under consideration is compatible with constraints from the standard model of particle physics. Third, an equation of state parameter of dark matter is derived which agrees with observations of rotational curves of galaxies. Moreover, the creation and annihilation process of dark matter is presented.