Universal collective modes in 2 dimensional chiral superfluids

Abstract

In this work, we utilize semi-classical kinetic equations to investigate the order parameter collective modes of a class of 2 dimensional superfluids. Extending the known results for $p$-wave superfluids, we show for any chiral ground state of angular momentum $L\geq 1$, there exists a sub-gap mode with mass $\sqrt{2}\, \Delta$ in the BCS limit, where $\Delta$ is the magnitude of the ground state gap. We determine the most significant Landau parameter which contributes to the mass renormalization and show explicitly the renormalized modes become massless at the Pomeranchuk instability of the fermion vacuum. Particularly for $L=1$, we propose a continuous field theory to include the Fermi liquid effect in quadrupolar channel and produce the same result under consistent approximations. They provide potential diagnostics for distinguishing 2 dimensional chiral ground states of different angular momenta with order parameter collective modes and reveal another low energy degrees of freedom near nematic transition.