Self-error-rejecting quantum state transmission of entangled photons for faithful quantum communication without calibrate reference frames

Abstract

We propose an alignment-free two-party polarization-entanglement transmission scheme for entangled photons by using only linear-optical elements, requiring neither ancillary photons nor calibrated reference frames. The scheme is robust against both the random channel noise and the instability of reference frames, and it is subsequently extended to multi-party Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state transmission. Furthermore, the success probabilities for two- and multi-party entanglement transmission are, in principle, improved to unity when active polarization controllers are used. The distinct characters of a simple structure, easy to be implemented, and a high fidelity and efficiency make our protocol very useful for long-distance quantum communications and distributed quantum networks in practical applications.