Revisiting the heat kernel on isotropic and nonisotropic Heisenberg groups

Abstract

The aim of this paper is threefold. First, we obtain the precise bounds for the heat kernel on isotropic Heisenberg groups by using well-known results in the three dimensional case. Second, we study the asymptotic estimates at infinity for the heat kernel on nonisotropic Heisenberg groups. As a consequence, we give uniform upper and lower estimates of the heat kernel, and complete its short-time behavior obtained by Beals-Gaveau-Greiner. Third, we complete the results obtained in \cite{Li12} about the heat kernel of Grushin operators.