Two Phase Transitions in Two-way Bootstrap Percolation

Abstract

Consider a graph $G$ and an initial random configuration, where each node is black with probability $p$ and white otherwise, independently. In discrete-time rounds, each node becomes black if it has at least $r$ black neighbors and white otherwise. We prove that this basic process exhibits a threshold behavior with two phase transitions when the underlying graph is a $d$-dimensional torus and identify the threshold values.