PLL and Costas loop based carrier recovery circuits for 4QAM: non-linear analysis and simulation

Abstract

Design of stable carrier recovery circuits are used in many applications: wireless digital communication, optical communication, microwave devices and other applications. Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK, 4-QAM) is used as modulation technique in many of these applications, since QPSK provides double the data rate of classic Binary PSK (BPSK) modulation. Analysis of Costas loop is a hard task because of its non-linearity. In this work we consider two well-known modifications of 4QAM Costas loop circuits and discuss a new circuit proposed by J. Ladvanszky. MATLAB Simulink models of the circuits are provided and the noise analysis is performed.