Emergence of a new symmetry class for Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonians: Expanding ten-fold symmetry classes

Abstract

Symmetry plays an important role in the topological states of quantum matter. Cartan found three symmetry classes, Altland and Zirnbauer extended it to the ten-fold symmetry class for mesoscopic systems. We observe emergence of a new symmetry class for BdG Hamiltonians. This new symmetry class appears for the BdG Hamiltonian in spinful background. We also observe the interesting feature that there is no evidence of Kramers's degeneracy for this BdG model Hamiltonian either in spinless or in spinful background. We call the extra symmetry class X, i.e, expanding the ten-fold symmetry classes for topological states of quantum matter. These BdG show many new, interesting and insightful results.