Dyson Brownian Motion for General $\beta$ and Potential at the Edge

Abstract

In this paper, we compare the solutions of Dyson Brownian motion with general $\beta$ and potential $V$ and the associated McKean-Vlasov equation near the edge. Under suitable conditions on the initial data and potential $V$, we obtain the optimal rigidity estimates of particle locations near the edge for short time $t=\text{o}(1)$. Our argument uses the method of characteristics along with a careful estimate involving an equation of the edge. With the rigidity estimates as an input, we prove a central limit theorem for mesoscopic statistics near the edge which, as far as we know, have been done for the first time in this paper. Additionally, combining with \cite{LandonEdge}, our rigidity estimates are used to give a proof of the local ergodicity of Dyson Brownian motion for general $\beta$ and potential at the edge, i.e. the distribution of extreme particles converges to Tracy-Widom $\beta$ distribution in short time.