Production of Z bosons and neutrinos in early universe

Abstract

Production of Z bosons and neutrinos is studied in the expanding de Sitter universe. The expression of the transition amplitudes in the case of Z boson interaction with leptons is established by using perturbative methods. Then the amplitude and probability for the spontaneous generation from vacuum of a Z boson a neutrino and an antineutrino are computed analytically and a graphical analysis is performed in terms of the expansion parameter. We found that the probability for this process is nonvanishing only for large expansion conditions of the early Universe. We discuss the Minkowski limit and obtain that in this limit the amplitude is zero, result which corresponds to the well established fact that spontaneous particle generation from vacuum in Minkowski space-time is forbidden by the simultaneous energy and momentum conservation in perturbative processes. The total probability of the process is computed and we prove that this quantity is important only for the regime of large expansion from early universe and is vanishing in the Minkowski limit.