Dynamics of Potential Vorticity Staircase Evolution and Step Mergers in a Reduced Model of Beta-Plane Turbulence

Abstract

A two-field model of potential vorticity (PV) staircase structure and dynamics relevant to both beta-plane and drift-wave plasma turbulence is studied numerically and analytically. The model evolves averaged PV whose flux is both driven by and regulates, a potential enstrophy field, $\varepsilon$. The model employs a closure using a mixing length model. Its link to bistability, vital to staircase generation, is analyzed and verified by integrating the equations numerically. Long-time staircase evolution consistently manifests a pattern of meta-stable quasi-periodic configurations, lasting for hundreds of time units, yet interspersed with abrupt ($\Delta t\ll1$) mergers of adjacent steps in the staircase. The mergers occur at the staircase lattice defects where the pattern has not completely relaxed to a strictly periodic solution that can be obtained analytically. Other types of stationary solutions are solitons and kinks in the PV gradient and $\varepsilon$ - profiles. The waiting time between mergers increases strongly as the number of steps in the staircase decreases. This is because of an exponential decrease in inter-step coupling strength with growing spacing. The long-time staircase dynamics is shown numerically be determined by local interaction with adjacent steps. Mergers reveal themselves through the explosive growth of the turbulent PV-flux which, however, abruptly drops to its global constant value once the merger is completed.