Dark radiation: 21cm signals and laboratory tests

Abstract

It is entirely possible that our Universe is filled with dark radiation, such as SM neutrinos or new physics states, that are sourced by the decay of dark matter with cosmologically long lifetime. If non-thermal neutrinos produced such way carry sufficient energy, they can leave a detectable imprint in experiments designed to search for very weakly interacting particles: dark matter and underground neutrino experiments. Conversely, a very soft non-thermal population of dark photons sourced this way is allowed to exceed the number density of CMB photons by many orders of magnitude without being in conflict with current bounds. Equipped with a small probability of conversion into ordinary photons, the scenario becomes testable through the cosmological 21cm signal.