Constraints on interacting dynamical dark energy and a new test for $\Lambda$CDM

Abstract

We consider a generic description of interacting dynamical Dark Energy, characterized by an equation of state with a time dependent coefficient $w(t)$, and which may interact with both radiation and matter. Without referring to any particular cosmological model, we find a differential equation which must be satisfied by $w(t)$ and involving the function $Q(t)$ which describes the interaction between Dark Energy and the other cosmological fluids. The relation we find represents a constraint for various models of interacting dynamical Dark Energy. In addition, an observable is proposed, depending on kinematic variables and on density parameters, which may serve as a new test for $\Lambda$CDM.