The periodic table of the elements with $4n^{2}$ $n=2,3,\dots$ periods

Abstract

A modification of the standard periodic table of the elements reveals $4n^{2}$ periods, where $n=2,3,\dots$. The new arrangement places hydrogen with halogens and keeps the rare-earth elements in the table proper (without separating them as they are in the standard table). Effectively, periods in the modified table are defined by the halogens rather than by the noble gases. The graph of ionization energy of the elements is presented for comparison of periods in the standard and the modified tables.