Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition on regular and Villain types of $q$-state clock models

Abstract

We study $q$-state clock models of regular and Villain types with $q=5,6$ using cluster-spin updates and observed double transitions in each model. We calculate the correlation ratio and size-dependent correlation length as quantities for characterizing the existence of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase and its transitions by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. We discuss the advantage of correlation ratio in comparison to other commonly used quantities in probing BKT transition. Using finite size scaling of BKT type transition, we estimate transition temperatures and corresponding exponents. The comparison between the results from both types revealed that the existing transitions belong to BKT universality.