A New Design of Private Information Retrieval for Storage Constrained Databases

Abstract

Private information retrieval (PIR) allows a user to download one of $K$ messages from $N$ databases without revealing to any database which of the $K$ messages is being downloaded. In general, the databases can be storage constrained where each database can only store up to $\mu K L$ bits where $\frac{1}{N} \leq \mu \leq 1$ and $L$ is the size of each message in bits. Let $t= \mu N$, a recent work showed that the capacity of Storage Constrained PIR (SC-PIR) is $\left( 1+ \frac{1}{t} + \frac{1}{t^2} + \cdots + \frac{1}{t^{K-1}} \right)^{-1}$, which is achieved by a storage placement scheme inspired by the content placement scheme in the literature of coded caching and the original PIR scheme. Not surprisingly, this achievable scheme requires that each message is $L = {N \choose t}t^K$ bits in length, which can be impractical. In this paper, without trying to make the connection between SC-PIR and coded caching problems, based on a general connection between the Full Storage PIR (FS-PIR) problem ($\mu = 1$) and SC-PIR problem, we propose a new SC-PIR design idea using novel storage placement schemes. The proposed schemes significantly reduce the message size requirement while still meeting the capacity of SC-PIR. In particular, the proposed SC-PIR schemes require the size of each file to be only $L = Nt^{K-1}$ compared to the state-of-the-art $L = {N \choose t}t^K$. Hence, we conclude that PIR may not meet coded caching when the size of $L$ is constrained.