Quantum dynamics is infinitesimal qr-number dynamics

Abstract

The Heisenberg equations of motion for a quantum particle of mass $m$ are deduced from the infinitesimal qr-number equations of motion for the particle. The infinitesimal qr-number equations, and hence the standard quantum mechanical equations, are related to the qr-number equations in much the same way as the equations of geometric optics are related to those of wave optics. The qr-number equations of motion for a quantum particle of mass $m$ describe the motion of a lump, given by on open set in the qr-number space of the particle, while the infinitesimal qr-number equations describe the motion of a point-like particle. The qr-number equations of motion are the Hamiltonian equations of motion for a classical particle of mass $m$ expressed in qr-numbers. The proof requires that the particle's position operators have only continuous spectrum and the force functions are smooth.