Spectral caustic in two-color high harmonic generation: role of Coulomb effects

Abstract

The high-order harmonic spectrum generated in two-color intense laser field under certain conditions has a pronounced maximum caused by the so called spectral caustic. Using a numerical solution of the 3D time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation we study the width of the maximum and the degree of the generation enhancement due to the caustic as a function of the fundamental intensity, wavelength, and atomic ionization potential. It is shown that the degree of this enhancement can be well quantitatively characterized by a single parameter: the ratio of the radius of the free electronic oscillation in the laser field to the atomic size. This behavior can be explained by the Coulomb attraction of the photoelectron to the parent ion, whereas the effect of this attraction on the width of the maximum is negligible. Choosing the field parameters providing a pronounced enhancement, we calculate the high harmonic macroscopic response taking into account the transient phase-matching. We show that the caustic feature can be used to provide a quasi-monochromatic XUV source with an almost linear frequency vs. time dependence. Such source can be used, in particular, for the time-resolved single-shot XUV imaging.