Scale Invariant Effective Hamiltonians for a Graph with a Small Compact Core

Abstract

We consider a compact metric graph of size $\varepsilon$, and attach to it several edges (leads) of length of order one (or of infinite length). As $\varepsilon$ goes to zero, the graph $\mathcal{G}^\varepsilon$ obtained in this way looks like the star-graph formed by the leads joined in a central vertex. On $\mathcal{G}^\varepsilon$ we define an Hamiltonian $H^\varepsilon$, properly scaled with the parameter $\varepsilon$. We prove that there exists a scale invariant effective Hamiltonian on the star-graph that approximates $H^\varepsilon$ (in a suitable norm resolvent sense) as $\varepsilon\to0$. The effective Hamiltonian depends on the spectral properties of an auxiliary $\varepsilon$-independent Hamiltonian defined on the compact graph obtained by setting $\varepsilon = 1$. If zero is not an eigenvalue of the auxiliary Hamiltonian, in the limit $\varepsilon\to0$, the leads are decoupled.