Tracking the dynamics of an ideal quantum measurement

Abstract

The existence of ideal quantum measurements is one of the fundamental predictions of quantum mechanics. In theory the measurement projects onto the eigenbasis of the measurement observable while preserving all coherences of degenerate eigenstates. The question arises whether there are dynamical processes in nature that correspond to such ideal quantum measurements. Here we address this question and present experimental results monitoring the dynamics of a naturally occurring measurement process: the coupling of a trapped ion qutrit to the photon environment. By taking tomographic snapshots during the detection process, we show with an average fidelity of $94\%$ that the process develops in agreement with the model of an ideal quantum measurement.