Targeted Sub-threshold Search for Strongly-lensed Gravitational-wave Events

Abstract

Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves can produce duplicate signals separated in time with different amplitudes. We consider the case in which strong lensing produces superthreshold gravitational-wave events and weaker subthreshold signals buried in the noise background. We present the GstLAL-based TargetEd Subthreshold Lensing seArch search method for the subthreshold signals using reduced template banks targeting specific confirmed gravitational-wave events. We perform a simulation campaign to assess the performance of the proposed search method. We show that it can effectively uprank potential subthreshold lensed counterparts to the target gravitational-wave event. We also compare its performance to other alternative solutions to the posed problem and demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the other solutions. The method described in this paper has already been deployed in the recent LVK Collaboration-wide search for lensing signatures of gravitational waves in the first half of LIGO/Virgo third observing run O3a [R. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific, Virgo Collaborations), Astrophys. J. 923, 14 (2021).].