Existence and Regularity of Spheres Minimising the Canham-Helfrich Energy

Abstract

We prove existence and regularity of minimisers for the Canham-Helfrich energy in the class of weak (possibly branched and bubbled) immersions of the $2$-sphere. This solves (the spherical case) of the minimisation problem proposed by Helfrich in 1973, modelling lipid bilayer membranes. On the way to prove the main results we establish the lower semicontinuity of the Canham-Helfrich energy under weak convergence of (possibly branched and bubbled) weak immersions.