Embedding the stationary spacetimes into Brans-Dicke cosmology via conformal transformations

Abstract

A conformal transformation of a static or stationary spacetime by a time dependent conformal scale factor ${S(\tau )}^2$ is one of the methods of producing a cosmological spacetime. Using this knowledge and Brans-Dicke (BD) field equations, we investigate two time dependent metrics, including Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime and conformally transformed Kerr-Newman black hole, and we obtain solutions that allow different expansion rates for each geometry. These expansion rates depend on the matter content of the conformally transformed geometry. We state that the BD scalar field yields accelerated expansion of the conformal spacetime if the original metric has vacuum geometry, and no acceleration if the original spacetime has some curvature or matter content in it.