On the equality of Bajraktarevi\'c means to quasi-arithmetic means

Abstract

This paper offers a solution of the functional equation $$ \big(tf(x)+(1-t)f(y)\big)\varphi(tx+(1-t)y)=tf(x)\varphi(x)+(1-t)f(y)\varphi(y) \qquad(x,y\in I), $$ where $t\in\,]0,1[\,$ is a fixed number, $\varphi:I\to\mathbb{R}$ is strictly monotone, and $f:I\to\mathbb{R}$ is an arbitrary unknown function. As an immediate application, we shed new light on the equality problem of Bajraktarevi\'c means with quasi-arithmetic means.