Spontaneous symmetry breaking and the flat phase of crystalline membranes

Abstract

Crystalline membranes are one of the rare examples of bidimensional systems in which long-range order can stabilise an ordered phase in the thermodynamic limit. By a careful analysis of the Goldstone modes counting, we propose a symmetry breaking mechanism associated with the generation of the flat phase and show how it highlights the crucial role played by the crystalline lattice in the establishment of long-range order in these objects. Comparison with other symmetry breaking mechanisms in membrane physics is also used to unveil the links between symmetry breaking patterns and the physical properties of the flat phase.