Global injectivity of differentiable maps via W-condition in R^2

Abstract

In this paper, we study the intrinsic relation between the global injectivity of differentiable local homeomorphisms $F$ and the rate that tends to zero of $Spec(F)$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$, where $Spec(F)$ denotes the set of all (complex) eigenvalues of $DF(x)$, for all $x\in \mathbb{R}^2$. This depends on the $W$-condition deeply, which extends the $*$-condition and $B$-condition. The $W$-condition reveals the rate that tends to zero of real eigenvalues of $DF$ can not exceed $\displaystyle O\Big(x\ln x(\ln \frac{\ln x}{\ln\ln x})^2\Big)^{-1}$ by the half-Reeb component method. This improves the theorems of Guti\'{e}rrez-Nguyen \cite{GN07} and Rabanal \cite{RR10}. The $W$-condition is optimal for the half-Reeb component method in this paper setting.