A Generalization of Weyl's Asymptotic Formula for the Relative Trace of Singular Potentials

Abstract

By Weyl's asymptotic formula, for any potential $V$ whose negative part $V_-$ is an $L^{1+d/2}$-function, \begin{align*} \operatorname{Tr} [-h^2 \Delta + V]_- &= L_d^{\mathrm{cl}} h^{-d} \int \mathrm{d} x\,[V]_-^{1+\frac d 2} + \mathrm{o} (h^{-d})_{h \to 0} , \end{align*} with the semiclassical constant $L^{\mathrm{cl}}_d = 2^{-d} \pi^{-d/2} / \Gamma (2 + \frac d 2)$. In this paper, we show that, even if $[V_1]_-, [V_2]_- \notin L^{1+d/2}$, but the difference $[V_1]_-^{1+d/2}-[V_2]_-^{1+d/2}$ is integrable, then we still have the asymptotic formula \[ \operatorname{Tr} [-h^2 \Delta + V_1 ]_- - \operatorname{Tr} [-h^2 \Delta + V_2 ]_- = L^{\mathrm{cl}}_{d} h^{-d} \int \mathrm{d} x\,([V_1]_-^{1+\frac d 2}-[V_2]_-^{1+\frac d 2}) + \mathrm{o} (h^{-d})_{h\to 0} . \] This is a generalization of Weyl's formula in the case that $\operatorname{Tr} [-h^2 \Delta + V_1]_-$ and $\operatorname{Tr} [-h^2\Delta + V_2]_-$ are seperately not of order $\mathrm{O} (h^{-d})$.