Non-local emergent hydrodynamics in a long-range quantum spin system
Abstract
Generic short-range interacting quantum systems with a conserved quantity exhibit universal diffusive transport at late times. We employ non-equilibrium quantum field theory and semi-classical phase-space simulations to show how this universality is replaced by a more general transport process in a long-range XY spin chain at infinite temperature with couplings decaying algebraically with distance as r-α. While diffusion is recovered for α>1.5, longer-ranged couplings with 0.5<α≤ 1.5 give rise to effective classical L\'evy flights; a random walk with step sizes drawn from a distribution with algebraic tails. We find that the space-time dependent spin density profiles are self-similar, with scaling functions given by the stable symmetric distributions. As a consequence, for 0.5<α≤1.5 autocorrelations show hydrodynamic tails decaying in time as t-1/(2α-1) and linear-response theory breaks down. Our findings can be readily verified with current trapped ion experiments.