A gravitational collapse singularity theorem consistent with black hole evaporation

Abstract

The global hyperbolicity assumption present in gravitational collapse singularity theorems is in tension with the quantum mechanical phenomenon of black hole evaporation. In this work I show that the causality conditions in Penrose's theorem can be almost completely removed. As a result, it is possible to infer the formation of spacetime singularities even in the absence of predictability and hence compatibly with quantum field theory and black hole evaporation.