Exact $\beta$-function of Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions

Abstract

To set the stage, I discuss the $\beta$-function of the massless O(N) model in three dimensions, which can be calculated exactly in the large N limit. Then, I consider SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 space-time dimensions. Relating the $\beta$-function to the expectation value of the action in lattice gauge theory, and the latter to the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, I show that $\frac{d \ln g^2/\mu}{d\ln \mu}=-1$ for all $g$ and all N in one particular renormalization scheme. As a consequence, I find that the Yang-Mills $\beta$-function in three dimensions must have the same sign for all finite and positive bare coupling parameters in any renormalization scheme, and all non-trivial infrared fixed points are unreachable in practice.