Observer-dependent black hole interior from operator collision

Abstract

We present concrete construction of interior operators for a black hole which is perturbed by an infalling observer. The construction is independent from the initial states of the black hole while dependent only on the quantum state of the infalling observer. The construction has a natural interpretation from the perspective of the boundary operator's growth, resulting from the collision between operators accounting for the infalling and outgoing modes. The interior partner modes are created once the infalling observer measures the outgoing mode, suggesting that the black hole interior is observer-dependent. Implications of our results on various conceptual puzzles, including the firewall puzzle and the information problem, are also discussed.