Finite and infinite Euler products of Ramanujan expansions

Abstract

All the $F:$N$\rightarrow $C having Ramanujan expansion $F(a)=\sum_{q=1}^{\infty}G(q)c_q(a)$ (here $c_q(a)$ is the Ramanujan sum) pointwise converging in $a\in $N, with $G:$N$\rightarrow $C a multiplicative function, may be factored into two Ramanujan expansions, one of which is a finite Euler product : details in our Main Theorem. This is a general result, with unexpected and useful consequences, esp., for the Ramanujan expansion of null-function, say 0. The Main Theorem doesn't require other analytic assumptions, as pointwise convergence suffices; this depends on a general property of Euler $p-$factors (the factors in Euler products) for the general term $G(q)c_q(a)$; namely, once fixed $a\in $N (and prime $p$), the $p-$Euler factor of $G(q)c_q(a)$ (involving all $p-$powers) has a finite number of non-vanishing terms (depending on $a$) : see our Main Lemma. In case we also add some other hypotheses, like the absolute convergence, we get more classical Euler products: the infinite ones. For the Ramanujan expansion of 0 this strong hypothesis makes the class of 0 Ramanujan coefficients much smaller; also excluding Ramanujan's $G(q)=1/q$ and Hardy's $G(q)=1/\varphi(q)$ ($\varphi$ is Euler's totient function). Our Main Theorem, instead, suffices to classify all the multiplicative Ramanujan coefficients for 0, so we also announce and (partially) prove this Classification.