From Luttinger liquids to Luttinger droplets via higher-order bosonization identities

Abstract

We derive generalized Kronig identities expressing quadratic fermionic terms including momentum transfer to bosonic operators and use them to obtain the exact solution for one-dimensional fermionic models with linear dispersion in the presence of position-dependent interactions and scattering potential. In these Luttinger droplets, which correspond to Luttinger liquids with spatial variations or constraints, the position dependences of the couplings break the translational invariance of correlation functions and modify the Luttinger-liquid interrelations between excitation velocities.