A Root-Free Splitting-Lemma for Systems of Linear Differential Equations

Abstract

We consider the formal reduction of a system of linear differential equations and show that, if the system can be block-diagonalised through transformation with a ramified Shearing-transformation and following application of the Splitting Lemma, and if the spectra of the leading block matrices of the ramified system satisfy a symmetry condition, this block-diagonalisation can also be achieved through an unramified transformation. Combined with classical results by Turritin and Wasow as well as work by Balser, this yields a constructive and simple proof of the existence of an unramified block-diagonal form from which formal invariants such as the Newton polygon can be read directly. Our result is particularly useful for designing efficient algorithms for the formal reduction of the system.