Exact results for persistent currents of two bosons in a ring lattice

Abstract

We study the ground state of two interacting bosonic particles confined in a ring-shaped lattice potential and subjected to a synthetic magnetic flux. The system is described by the Bose-Hubbard model and solved exactly through a plane-wave Ansatz of the wave function. We obtain energies and correlation functions of the system both for repulsive and attractive interactions. In contrast with the one-dimensional continuous theory described by the Lieb-Liniger model, in the lattice case we prove that the center of mass of the two particles is coupled with its relative coordinate. Distinctive features clearly emerge in the persistent current of the system. While for repulsive bosons the persistent current displays a periodicity given by the standard flux quantum for any interaction strength, in the attractive case the flux quantum becomes fractionalized in a manner that depends on the interaction. We also study the density after the long time expansion of the system which provides an experimentally accessible route to detect persistent currents in cold atom settings. Our results can be used to benchmark approximate schemes for the many-body problem.