A Newton Polygon Rule for Formally-Real Valued Fields and Multiplicities over the Signed Tropical Hyperfield

Abstract

By defining multiplicities for zeros of polynomials over hyperfields, Baker and Lorscheid were able to provide a unifying perspective on Descartes's rule and the Newton polygon rule for polynomials over a formally-real and valued field respectively. In this paper, we apply their multiplicity formula to the hyperfield associated with formally-real, valued fields to prove a Newton polygon rule which combines Descartes's rule of signs with the classical Newton polygon rule.