Analytical relations for the bound state spectrum of gauge theories with a Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism

Abstract

We apply the method proposed by Fr\"ohlich, Morchio, and Strocchi to analyze the bound state spectrum of various gauge theories with a Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism. These serve as building blocks for theories beyond the standard model but also stress the exceptional role of the standard model weak group. We will show how the Fr\"ohlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism relates gauge-invariant bound state operators to invariant objects of the remaining unbroken gauge group after gauge fixing. In particular, this provides a strict gauge-invariant formulation of the latter in terms of the original gauge symmetry without using the terminology of spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. We also demonstrate that the Fr\"ohlich-Morchio-Strocchi approach allows us to put new constraints on theories beyond the standard model by pure field-theoretical considerations. Particularly the conventional construction of grand unified theories has to be rethought.