Free braided nonassociative Hopf algebras and Sabinin $\tau $-algebras

Abstract

Let $V$ be a linear space over a field ${\bf k}$ with a braiding $\tau : V\otimes V\rightarrow V\otimes V.$ We prove that the braiding $\tau$ has a unique extension on the free nonassociative algebra ${\bf k}\{V\}$ freely generated by $V$ so that ${\bf k}\{V\}$ is a braided algebra. Moreover, we prove that the free braided algebra ${\bf k}\{V\}$ has a natural structure of a braided nonassociative Hopf algebra such that every element of the space of generators $V$ is primitive. In the case of involutive braidings, $\tau^2={\rm id}$, we describe braided analogues of Shestakov-Umirbaev operations and prove that these operations are primitive operations. We introduce a braided version of Sabinin algebras and prove that the set of all primitive elements of a nonassociative $\tau$-algebra is a Sabinin $\tau$-algebra.