Constraints on a special running vacuum model

Abstract

We study a special running vacuum model (RVM) with $\Lambda = 3 \alpha H^2+3\beta H_0^4 H^{-2}+\Lambda_0$, where $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\Lambda_0$ are the model parameters and $H$ is the Hubble one. This RVM has non-analytic background solutions for the energy densities of matter and radiation, which can only be evaluated numerically. From the analysis of the CMB power spectrum and baryon acoustic oscillation along with the prior of $\alpha>0$ to avoid having a negative dark energy density, we find that $\alpha<2.83\times 10^{-4}$ and $\beta=(-0.2^{+3.9}_{-4.5})\times 10^{-4}$ (95$\%$ C.L.). We show that the RVM fits the cosmological data comparably to the $\Lambda$CDM. In addition, we relate the fluctuation amplitude $\sigma_8$ to the neutrino mass sum $\Sigma m_\nu$.